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href="http://www.accreditedmedicalassistantprograms.com" title="建設(shè)工程教育網(wǎng)">建設(shè)工程教育網(wǎng)</a></span> </div> <a href="javascript:void(0);" target="_self" class="collection li-an"></a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" target="_self" class="print" onclick="javascript:window.print()">打印</a> <div id="a0lmosil" class="font_size">字體：<a href="javascript:void(0);" target="_self" class="big">大</a><a href="javascript:void(0);" target="_self" class="small">小</a></div> </div> </div>   <div id="a0lmosil" class="news_con"> <div id="a0lmosil" class="jxbox clearfix"> <P>　　二級建造師市政工程知識點(diǎn)59：燃?xì)夤艿啦牧?，隨著二級建造師考試的報(bào)考熱度上升，所以二級建造師考試的難度也有所提升，這樣的情況下怎么備考二級建造師考試呢？今天為大家整理了二級建造師市政工程知識點(diǎn)59：燃?xì)夤艿啦牧希Ｍ苤魑豢忌槐壑Α?/P> <p align="center"><img alt="" width="200" height="200" src="/upload/html/2019/03/27/caa3cbc6fbbae7414baf8b2b90eb1615d7.jpg" /></p> <p align="center">2019二建搶分掃碼打卡</p> <P>　　知識點(diǎn)59：燃?xì)夤艿啦牧线x用及室外鋼制燃?xì)夤艿腊惭b</P> <P>　　【考頻指數(shù)】★★★</P> <P>　　【考點(diǎn)精講】</P> <P>　　一、燃?xì)夤艿啦牧线x用</P> <P>　　高壓和中壓A燃?xì)夤艿溃瑧?yīng)采用鋼管;中壓B和低壓燃?xì)夤艿?，宜采用鋼管或機(jī)械接口鑄鐵管。中、低壓地下燃?xì)夤艿啦捎镁垡蚁┕懿臅r(shí)，應(yīng)符合有關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的規(guī)定。</P> <P>　　燃?xì)夤艿烙凶銐虻臋C(jī)械強(qiáng)度(抗拉強(qiáng)度、屈服強(qiáng)度、延伸率、沖擊韌性)，可焊性好，而且要有不透氣性及耐腐蝕性能。</P> <P>　　二、室外鋼制燃?xì)夤艿腊惭b</P> <P>　　(一)地下燃?xì)夤艿缆裨O(shè)的最小覆土厚度</P> <P>　　埋設(shè)在車行道下時(shí)，不得小于0.9m;埋設(shè)在非車行道(含人行道)下時(shí)，不得小于0.6m;埋設(shè)在庭院時(shí)，不得小于0.3m;埋設(shè)在水田下時(shí)，不得小于0.8m。當(dāng)不能滿足上述規(guī)定時(shí)，應(yīng)采取有效的安全防護(hù)措施。</P> <P>　　(二)地下燃?xì)夤艿来┻^排水管(溝)、熱力管溝、聯(lián)合地溝、隧道及其他各種用途溝槽時(shí)，應(yīng)將燃?xì)夤艿婪笤O(shè)于套管內(nèi)。套管兩端應(yīng)采用柔性的防腐、防水材料密封。</P> <P>　　(三)穿越鐵路的燃?xì)夤艿赖奶坠?/P> <P>　　1.套管埋設(shè)的深度：鐵路軌底至套管頂不應(yīng)小于1.2m，并應(yīng)符合鐵路管理部門的要求。</P> <P>　　2.套管內(nèi)徑應(yīng)比燃?xì)夤艿劳鈴酱?00mm以上。</P> <P>　　3.套管兩端與燃?xì)夤艿赖拈g隙應(yīng)采用柔性的防腐、防水材料密封。</P> <P>　　4.套管端部距路堤坡腳外的距離不應(yīng)小于2.0m。</P> <P>　　(四)燃?xì)夤艿来┰匠擎?zhèn)公路或電車軌道的套管</P> <P>　　1.套管內(nèi)徑應(yīng)比燃?xì)夤艿劳鈴酱?00mm以上，套管或管溝兩端應(yīng)密封，在重要地段的套管或管溝端部宜安裝檢漏管。</P> <P>　　2.套管或管溝端部距離電車軌邊軌不應(yīng)小于2.0m，距離道路邊緣不應(yīng)小于1.0m。</P> <P>　　(五)燃?xì)夤艿劳ㄟ^河流時(shí)，可采用穿越河底或采用管橋跨越的形式。當(dāng)條件許可時(shí)，可利用道路橋梁跨越河流，并應(yīng)符合下列規(guī)定：</P> <P>　　1.利用道路橋梁跨越河流的燃?xì)夤艿溃涔艿赖妮斔蛪毫Σ粦?yīng)大于0.4MPa。</P> <P>　　2.當(dāng)燃?xì)夤艿离S橋梁敷設(shè)或采用管橋跨越河流時(shí)，需有安全防護(hù)措施：</P> <P>　　(1)管道宜采用加厚的無縫鋼管或焊接鋼管，盡量減少焊縫，對焊縫進(jìn)行100%無損探傷。</P> <P>　　(2)管道應(yīng)有必要的補(bǔ)償和減震措施。</P> <P>　　(3)過河架空的燃?xì)夤艿老蛳聫澢鷷r(shí)，向下彎曲部分與水平管夾角宜采用45°形式。</P> <P>　　(4)采用陰極保護(hù)的埋地鋼管與隨橋管道之間應(yīng)設(shè)置絕緣裝置。</P> <P>　　(六)燃?xì)夤艿老麓┖恿?/P> <P>　　1.燃?xì)夤芤瞬捎娩摴?</P> <P>　　2.燃?xì)夤艿乐烈?guī)劃河底的覆土厚度，應(yīng)根據(jù)水流沖刷條件確定，對不通航河流不應(yīng)小于0.5m;對通航的河流不應(yīng)小于1.0m，還應(yīng)考慮疏浚和投錨深度;</P> <P>　　3.在埋設(shè)燃?xì)夤艿赖奈恢煤恿鲀砂渡舷掠卧O(shè)立標(biāo)志;</P> <P>　　4.燃?xì)夤艿缹影惭b引起的誤差不得大于3°，否則應(yīng)設(shè)置彎管，次高壓燃?xì)夤艿赖膹澒軕?yīng)考慮盲板力。</P> <P>　　三、鋼制燃?xì)夤軐诤附拥幕疽?/P> <P>　　(一)當(dāng)采用氣割時(shí)，必須除去坡口表面的氧化皮，并進(jìn)行打磨，表面力求平整。</P> <P>　　(二)通常采用對口器固定、倒鏈吊管找正對圓的方法，不得強(qiáng)力對口。</P> <P>　　(三)對口時(shí)將兩管道縱向焊縫(螺旋焊縫)相互錯(cuò)開，間距應(yīng)不小于100mm弧長。對口后的內(nèi)壁應(yīng)平齊，其錯(cuò)邊量應(yīng)符合國家現(xiàn)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的規(guī)定。</P> <P>　　(四)對口完成后應(yīng)立即進(jìn)行定位焊，定位焊的焊條應(yīng)與管口焊接焊條材質(zhì)相同，定位焊的厚度與坡口第一層焊接厚度相近，但不應(yīng)超過管壁厚度的70%，焊縫根部必須焊透，定位焊應(yīng)均勻、對稱，總長度不應(yīng)小于焊道總長度的50%。鋼管的縱向焊縫(螺旋焊縫)端部不得進(jìn)行定位焊。</P> <P>　　(五)定位焊完畢拆除對口器，進(jìn)行焊口編號，對好的口必須當(dāng)天焊完。</P> <P>　　(六)一般采用氬弧焊打底，焊條電弧焊填充、蓋面。鋼管采用單面焊、雙面成型的方法。焊接層數(shù)應(yīng)根據(jù)鋼管壁厚和坡口形式確定，壁厚在5mm以下的焊接層數(shù)不得少于兩層。</P> <P>　　(七)焊接順序：根據(jù)管徑大小應(yīng)對焊縫沿周長進(jìn)行排位，采取合理的焊接順序，避免應(yīng)力集中、管口變形。</P> <P>　　(八)焊接時(shí)各層引弧點(diǎn)和熄弧點(diǎn)均應(yīng)錯(cuò)開20mm以上，且不得在焊道以外的鋼管上引弧。每層焊縫厚度按批準(zhǔn)的工藝評定報(bào)告執(zhí)行，一般為焊條直徑的0.8～1.2倍。</P> <P>　　四、鋼管防腐的做法</P> <P>　　(一)石油瀝青涂料的做法</P> <P>　　1.涂底漆時(shí)基面應(yīng)干燥，基面除銹后與涂底漆的間隔時(shí)間不得超過8h。應(yīng)涂刷均勻、飽滿，不得有凝塊、起泡現(xiàn)象，底漆厚度宜為0.1～0.2mm，管兩端150～250mm范圍內(nèi)不得涂刷。</P> <P>　　2.涂瀝青后應(yīng)立即纏繞玻璃布，玻璃布的壓邊寬度應(yīng)為20～30mm，接頭搭接長度應(yīng)為100～150mm，各層搭接接頭應(yīng)相互錯(cuò)開，玻璃布的油浸透率應(yīng)達(dá)到95%以上，不得出現(xiàn)大于50mm×50mm的空白;管端或施工中斷處應(yīng)留出150～200mm的階梯形接槎。</P> <P>　　(二)環(huán)氧煤瀝青涂料做法</P> <P>　　1.底漆應(yīng)在表面除銹后的4h之內(nèi)涂刷，涂刷應(yīng)均勻，不得漏涂;管兩端100～150mm范圍內(nèi)不得涂刷。</P> <P>　　2.面漆涂刷和包扎玻璃布，應(yīng)在底漆表面干后進(jìn)行，底漆與第一道面漆涂刷的間隔時(shí)間不得超過24h。</P> <P>　　3.玻璃布搭接長度同石油瀝青涂料做法。</P> <P>　　(三)聚乙烯防腐涂層做法</P> <P>　　1.在防腐層涂裝前，先清除鋼管表面的油脂和污垢等附著物，并對鋼管預(yù)處理后進(jìn)行表面處理，鋼管預(yù)熱溫度為40～60℃。表面預(yù)處理達(dá)到規(guī)范規(guī)定，其等級不低于Sa2.5級，錨紋深度達(dá)到50～90μm。</P> <P>　　2.表面預(yù)處理過的鋼管應(yīng)在4h內(nèi)進(jìn)行涂覆，超過4h或鋼管表面返銹或表面污染時(shí)，應(yīng)重新進(jìn)行表面預(yù)處理。</P> <P>　　3.應(yīng)用無污染的熱源將固定口加熱到合適的涂覆溫度。環(huán)氧粉末涂料應(yīng)均勻地涂覆到鋼管表面，膠粘劑的涂覆必須在環(huán)氧粉末膠化工程中進(jìn)行。</P> <P>　　【經(jīng)典例題】</P> <P>　　1.高壓燃?xì)夤艿缿?yīng)采用(　)。</P> <P>　　A.鋼管</P> <P>　　B.機(jī)械接口鑄鐵管</P> <P>　　C.PE管</P> <P>　　D.承插接口鑄鐵管</P> <P>　　【答案】A</P> <P>　　【解析】本題考查的是燃?xì)夤艿啦牧线x用及室內(nèi)燃?xì)夤艿腊惭b。高壓和中壓A燃?xì)夤艿?，?yīng)采用鋼管;中壓B和低壓燃?xì)夤艿?，宜采用鋼管或機(jī)械接口鑄鐵管。中、低壓地下燃?xì)夤艿啦捎镁垡蚁┕懿臅r(shí)，應(yīng)符合有關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的規(guī)定。</P> <P>　　2.地下燃?xì)夤艿缆裨O(shè)在車行道下時(shí)，最小覆土厚度為(　)m。</P> <P>　　A.0.9</P> <P>　　B.0.6</P> <P>　　C.0.8</P> <P>　　D.0.3</P> <P>　　【答案】A</P> <P>　　【解析】本題考查的是室外燃?xì)夤艿赖陌惭b。地下燃?xì)夤艿缆裨O(shè)的最小覆土厚度(路面至管頂)應(yīng)符合下列要求：(1)埋設(shè)在車行道下時(shí)，不得小于0.9m;(2)埋設(shè)在非機(jī)動(dòng)車車道(含人行道)下時(shí)，不得小于0.6m;(3)埋設(shè)在庭院時(shí)，不得小于0.3m;(4)埋設(shè)在水田下時(shí)，不得小于0.8m。當(dāng)不能滿足上述規(guī)定時(shí)，應(yīng)采取有效的安全防護(hù)措施。</P> <P>　　3.下列關(guān)于燃?xì)夤艿来┰胶拥椎囊?guī)定，表述正確的是(　)。</P> <P>　　A.燃?xì)夤艿酪瞬捎描T鐵管</P> <P>　　B.根據(jù)燃?xì)廨斔蜌怏w條件確定覆蓋土厚度</P> <P>　　C.套管內(nèi)徑應(yīng)比燃?xì)夤艿劳鈴酱?00mm以上</P> <P>　　D.在埋設(shè)燃?xì)夤艿牢恢玫暮恿魃舷掠蝺砂稇?yīng)設(shè)置標(biāo)志</P> <P>　　【答案】D</P> <P>　　【解析】本題考查的是室外燃?xì)夤艿腊惭b。選項(xiàng)A的正確說法“燃?xì)夤艿酪瞬捎娩摴堋?選項(xiàng)B的正確說法“覆土厚度應(yīng)根據(jù)水流沖刷條件來確定”;選項(xiàng)C的正確說法“燃?xì)夤艿涝诖┰诫娷囓壍阑虺擎?zhèn)主要干道時(shí)宜敷設(shè)在套管或管溝內(nèi)，且套管內(nèi)徑應(yīng)比燃?xì)夤艿劳鈴酱?00mm以上”。</P> <P>　　4.燃?xì)夤艿谰垡蚁┓栏瘜油垦b前，對鋼管預(yù)處理等級不低于(　)級。</P> <P>　　A.Sa1</P> <P>　　B.Sa2</P> <P>　　C.Sa2.5</P> <P>　　D.Sa3</P> <P>　　【答案】C</P> <P>　　【解析】本題考查的是室外燃?xì)夤艿腊惭b。在防腐層涂裝前，先清除鋼管表面的油脂和污垢等附著物，并對鋼管預(yù)處理后進(jìn)行表面處理，鋼管預(yù)熱溫度為40～60℃。表面預(yù)處理達(dá)到規(guī)定，其等級不低于Sa2.5級。</P> <p>　　2019年二級建造師考試即將在5月25、26日舉行，網(wǎng)校2019年輔導(dǎo)課程結(jié)合多年成功輔導(dǎo)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，及二級建造師考試命題規(guī)律、重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)，融入先進(jìn)的教學(xué)理念，全力助您直達(dá)！<a target="_blank" href="http://www.accreditedmedicalassistantprograms.com/jianzao2/jingyan/zh1812115095.shtml">【精品提升班】</a> <a target="_blank" href="http://www.accreditedmedicalassistantprograms.com/jianzao2/jingyan/zh1901144978.shtml">【雙師面授護(hù)航班】。</a></p> <p>　　</p> <p>　　<strong>相關(guān)推薦：</strong></p> <p>　　<a target="_blank" 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